编译与运行

编译

和大部分项目一样，xv6-riscv通过GNU make进行编译。

您可以在根目录下执行

make

来进行编译。这个命令将会搜寻目录下的Makefile文件，并尝试执行$K/kernel的代码。首先，GNU make将会寻找这个目标的依赖项，并重新生成不存在或版本老旧的依赖项部分；之后，GNU make将会依据命令部分的代码执行相关操作，最后生成我们需要的kernel/kernel镜像文件。

之所以make命令会主动执行$K/kernel部分，是因为该部分为首个目标，默认为该文件的终极目标。输入make kernel/kernel可以得到同样效果（见“终极目标”一章）。

成功运行后，将会得到以下结果（以下采用riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc工具链）：

riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc    -c -o kernel/entry.o kernel/entry.S
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/start.o kernel/start.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/console.o kernel/console.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/printf.o kernel/printf.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/uart.o kernel/uart.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/kalloc.o kernel/kalloc.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/spinlock.o kernel/spinlock.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/string.o kernel/string.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/main.o kernel/main.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/vm.o kernel/vm.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/proc.o kernel/proc.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc    -c -o kernel/swtch.o kernel/swtch.S
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc    -c -o kernel/trampoline.o kernel/trampoline.S
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/trap.o kernel/trap.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/syscall.o kernel/syscall.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/sysproc.o kernel/sysproc.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/bio.o kernel/bio.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/fs.o kernel/fs.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/log.o kernel/log.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/sleeplock.o kernel/sleeplock.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/file.o kernel/file.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/pipe.o kernel/pipe.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/exec.o kernel/exec.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/sysfile.o kernel/sysfile.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc    -c -o kernel/kernelvec.o kernel/kernelvec.S
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/plic.o kernel/plic.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kernel/virtio_disk.o kernel/virtio_disk.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie -march=rv64g -nostdinc -I. -Ikernel -c user/initcode.S -o user/initcode.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e start -Ttext 0 -o user/initcode.out user/initcode.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objcopy -S -O binary user/initcode.out user/initcode
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/initcode.o > user/initcode.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -T kernel/kernel.ld -o kernel/kernel kernel/entry.o kernel/start.o kernel/console.o kernel/printf.o kernel/uart.o kernel/kalloc.o kernel/spinlock.o kernel/string.o kernel/main.o kernel/vm.o kernel/proc.o kernel/swtch.o kernel/trampoline.o kernel/trap.o kernel/syscall.o kernel/sysproc.o kernel/bio.o kernel/fs.o kernel/log.o kernel/sleeplock.o kernel/file.o kernel/pipe.o kernel/exec.o kernel/sysfile.o kernel/kernelvec.o kernel/plic.o kernel/virtio_disk.o 
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _entry; defaulting to 0000000080000000
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S kernel/kernel > kernel/kernel.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t kernel/kernel | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > kernel/kernel.sym

运行

同样，Makefile提供了运行的命令。执行

make qemu

会进行程序文件的生成过程，并将打包好的镜像加载到qemu中运行。

生成镜像文件过程会显示以下内容：

gcc -Werror -Wall -I. -o mkfs/mkfs mkfs/mkfs.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/ulib.o user/ulib.c
perl user/usys.pl > user/usys.S
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie -c -o user/usys.o user/usys.S
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/printf.o user/printf.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/umalloc.o user/umalloc.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/cat.o user/cat.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_cat user/cat.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_cat > user/cat.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_cat | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/cat.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/echo.o user/echo.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_echo user/echo.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_echo > user/echo.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_echo | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/echo.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/forktest.o user/forktest.c
# forktest has less library code linked in - needs to be small
# in order to be able to max out the proc table.
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_forktest user/forktest.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_forktest > user/forktest.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/grep.o user/grep.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_grep user/grep.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_grep > user/grep.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_grep | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/grep.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/init.o user/init.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_init user/init.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_init > user/init.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_init | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/init.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/kill.o user/kill.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_kill user/kill.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_kill > user/kill.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_kill | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/kill.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/ln.o user/ln.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_ln user/ln.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_ln > user/ln.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_ln | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/ln.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/ls.o user/ls.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_ls user/ls.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_ls > user/ls.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_ls | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/ls.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/mkdir.o user/mkdir.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_mkdir user/mkdir.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_mkdir > user/mkdir.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_mkdir | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/mkdir.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/rm.o user/rm.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_rm user/rm.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_rm > user/rm.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_rm | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/rm.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/sh.o user/sh.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_sh user/sh.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_sh > user/sh.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_sh | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/sh.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/stressfs.o user/stressfs.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_stressfs user/stressfs.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_stressfs > user/stressfs.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_stressfs | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/stressfs.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/usertests.o user/usertests.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_usertests user/usertests.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_usertests > user/usertests.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_usertests | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/usertests.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/grind.o user/grind.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_grind user/grind.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_grind > user/grind.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_grind | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/grind.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/wc.o user/wc.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_wc user/wc.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_wc > user/wc.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_wc | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/wc.sym
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -Wall -Werror -O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -ggdb -MD -mcmodel=medany -ffreestanding -fno-common -nostdlib -mno-relax -I. -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o user/zombie.o user/zombie.c
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld -z max-page-size=4096 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o user/_zombie user/zombie.o user/ulib.o user/usys.o user/printf.o user/umalloc.o
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -S user/_zombie > user/zombie.asm
riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump -t user/_zombie | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > user/zombie.sym
mkfs/mkfs fs.img README user/_cat user/_echo user/_forktest user/_grep user/_init user/_kill user/_ln user/_ls user/_mkdir user/_rm user/_sh user/_stressfs user/_usertests user/_grind user/_wc user/_zombie 
nmeta 46 (boot, super, log blocks 30 inode blocks 13, bitmap blocks 1) blocks 954 total 1000
balloc: first 595 blocks have been allocated
balloc: write bitmap block at sector 45
qemu-system-riscv64 -machine virt -bios none -kernel kernel/kernel -m 128M -smp 3 -nographic -drive file=fs.img,if=none,format=raw,id=x0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=x0,bus=virtio-mmio-bus.0

若显示以下结果，说明xv6已经开始工作：

xv6 kernel is booting

hart 1 starting
hart 2 starting
init: starting sh
$